nose

Rock Climbing, Stress & Growth, and How to be Present (not just breathing)

 
 

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4 Thoughts


1. Breathing & Rock Climbing: Falling and Recovering as We Climb Life’s Mountain

As rock climbers ascend a mountain face, they periodically clip into a new anchor higher on the wall. But no matter how high they get, they still take heavy falls and get slapped into the mountainside.

Critically, though, they’re a little higher up when they recover.

That’s what breathing (or anything you use for better living) does. We’re still going to fall. It’s still going to hurt really bad. But when we recover, we’ll be a little higher up life’s mountain than the last time we tumbled.

***

P.S. This was inspired by this +1: Higher Highs and Higher Lows

2. Stress & Growth: Lobsters and their Shells

“For the lobster, stress literally leads to growth—if the lobster did not feel stressed in the small shell, it would not know to get a bigger one and be able to continue growing. Stress provides you with the same opportunity to grow. If you don’t experience stress, you don’t move forward, you don’t challenge yourself, and you don’t get the opportunity to live a fulfilling, meaningful life.

- Inna Khazan, Ph.D., Biofeedback and Mindfulness in Everyday Life

Speaking of falling, that stress can actually be a good thing. Like lobsters, we need stress to grow, to “live a fulfilling, meaningful life.

Stress—> Breathe—> Recover—> Grow—> Repeat Forever 💪🏋️‍♀️

3. Using Breathing Techniques as Needed to Access Different States

The breathing practices can energize you or slow you down. They can heighten your ability to examine things in an analytical way or heighten your ability to move your awareness inwardly to support your innate ability to be contemplative and serene, to sense who you are in an interior way.

- Eddie Stern, One Simple Thing

Last week, Emma Seppälä reminded us that breathing is the most accessible tool we have. Here, Eddie reminds us just how powerful it is for changing our state.

Want to be analytical? Contemplative? Energized? Serene?

It’s all there, right under our noses : )

4. How to Easily Access Presence (with or w/o breathing)

But learning new skills is also one of the best ways to enhance awareness of the present moment […] New situations kill the mental clutter. In newness, we’re forced into presence and focus.”*

- Michael Easter, The Comfort Crisis

This might be why our first breathing practice, our first meditation, or the first wave we surfed was so life-changing. In that novelty, we found presence.

So to access presence, embrace newness. Try a new breathing method. Listen to a new song. Try a different yoga class. Lift a new weight.

Of course, consistency is key, but we can deliberately use newness to access a more present state of mind and periodically reinvigorate our spirit.

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

“Sometimes carrying on, just carrying on, is the superhuman achievement.”

- Albert Camus

 
 

 
 

1 ANSWER

Category: Stress and Growth

Answer: This is the name given to positive psychological changes that occur after stressful and challenging events.

(Cue the Jeopardy! music.)

Question: What is post-traumatic growth?


In good breath,

Nick Heath, T1D, PhD
“Breathing is the compound interest of health & wellness.”

P.S. My toxic trait is…

 
 
 

* An asterisk by a quote indicates that I listened to this book on Audible. Therefore, the quotation might not be correct, but is my best attempt at reproducing the punctuation based on the narrator’s pace, tone, and pauses.


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Each Monday, I curate and synthesize information from scientific journals, books, articles, and podcasts to share 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (like "Jeopardy!") related to breathing. It’s a fun way to learn something new each week.

 
 

Wim Hof vs. Slow Breathing, and How to Start Something Meaningful

 
 

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4 Thoughts


1. How to Start Something Meaningful (hint: exhale)

If you watch anyone on the verge of starting something that matters, you'll see them settle into the moment by taking a deep breath in and exhaling….It's the body rolling up its metaphorical sleeves and saying, ‘Okay.  It’s time. Let’s do this thing.’”*

- Michael Bungay Stanier, How to Begin

Starting something meaningful this year? Or just sending an important email or text? Roll up those metaphorical sleeves by taking a deep and relaxed breath in, and a relaxed and slightly longer breath out. “Let’s do this thing.

2. Build Your Best Breathwork Practice

You don’t have to build the habits everyone tells you to build. Choose the habit that best suits you, not the one that is most popular.

- James Clear, Atomic Habits

Similarly:

You don’t have to use a breathing technique everyone tells you to use. Choose a method that best suits you, not the one that is most popular.

***

P.S. The next thought shows you why—two different methods, similar results.

3. Wim Hof “vs.” Slow Breathing, Part I: Indirect Comparison for Chronic Inflammation

A 2019 study looked at the full Wim Hof Method (breathing, cold, and meditation) in people with axial spondyloarthritis. They found that it reduced chronic inflammation, concluding:

…our results are indicative that voluntary modulation of the immune response may not only be possible in acute inflammatory response due to microbial stimulation but also in chronic inflammation related to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

A 2021 systematic review examined HRVB (aka slow breathing) in people with various chronic illnesses. They found evidence that there is an inverse relationship between inflammation and vagal nerve activity:

“…an increase in efferent vagal activity could suppress pro-inflammatory factors suggesting possible anti-inflammatory effects of HRVB.

The point? Two wildly different approaches, two somewhat similar outcomes. It brings to mind the Chinese proverb, “There are many paths to the top of the mountain, but the view is always the same.” Choose which path is right for you.

***

P.S. I put quotations around “vs” because there’s no competition in breathing 😊Also, the word “indirect” in the title is critical. I’m being simplistic here and comparing apples to oranges, but I think the overall message is still helpful.

4. Operationalize Your Breathing Practice

To make operational. To make ready for ‘live’ or ‘kinetic’ action.

- Steven Pressfield

That’s Pressfield’s definition of “operationalize,” and it’s exactly what we need to do with our breathing. Make it ready for live action—for real life.

Of course, let’s use our practice as an escape into calmness, but let’s also remember to operationalize it so it’s useful in our everyday lives.

***

P.S. Everyday examples of how I operationalize breathing in my life:

  • Slow breathing while walking the dog.

  • Various slow and fast methods when I’m out surfing.

  • Slow, long exhales when my daughter throws a tantrum.

  • I’m not always successful with these, especially the last one : )

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

“Along the way of life, someone must have sense enough and morality enough to cut off the chain of hate. This can only be done by projecting the ethic of love to the center of our lives.”

- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

 
 

 
 

1 ANSWER

Category: Nose and Smell

Answer: Cells responsible for scent regenerate this frequently.

(Cue the Jeopardy! music.)

Question: What is 30-60 days?


In good breath,

Nick Heath, T1D, PhD
“Breathing is the compound interest of health & wellness.”

P.S. when your only friend is busy

 
 
 

* An asterisk by a quote indicates that I listened to this book on Audible. Therefore, the quotation might not be correct, but is my best attempt at reproducing the punctuation based on the narrator’s pace, tone, and pauses.


Sign Up For The Breathing 411

Each Monday, I curate and synthesize information from scientific journals, books, articles, and podcasts to share 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (like "Jeopardy!") related to breathing. It’s a fun way to learn something new each week.

 
 

How Breathing Helps You Get and Stay Frustrated (and why it’s a good thing)

 
 

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4 Thoughts


1. Why You Need to be Frustrated, and How Breathing Can Help

Long-haul creativity, Robinson believes, requires a low-level, near-constant sense of frustration. … It’s a constant, itchy dissatisfaction, a deep sense of what-if, and can-I-make-it-better, and the like.

- Steven Kotler, The Art of Impossible

A consistent breathing practice will improve your mental clarity and overall health. But it will also frustrate the hell out of you.

It’s so simple; why isn’t this taught everywhere? Wait, it’s free, and it literally helps everything?

Then, of course, your improved mental clarity will seep into everything you do, and you will get more frustrated with the world, in general. (Not that I’m speaking from personal experience or anything 😂)

But now we see it’s a good thing. We need a little frustration, a slight sense of dissatisfaction, a knowing that things could be better. It helps us sustain the creativity needed to deliver what the world needs.

And a regular breathing practice is the easiest way to get that itchy dissatisfaction.

So, please, go get a little more frustrated, and a little more creative, today : )

***

P.S. Kotler shares nine different ways for achieving long-haul creativity in the book. This was #5, but its unexpected nature made it stand out the most.

2. A Few Stand-Out Passages on the Importance of the Ancient Nose

As a general note, the teachings on wind energy training and Yantra yoga emphasize breathing through the nostrils during the entire practice session. Unless we are given specific, personal instruction by a master on how and when to breathe through the mouth, we should always breathe through the nose.

- The Tibetan Yoga of Breath

The nose is the heavenly door (while) the mouth is the earthly window. Therefore, inhale through your nose and use your mouth to exhale. Never do otherwise for breath would be in danger and illness would set in.

- The Primordial Breath, Volume I

"Ancient Egyptian cultures also recognized the importance of the breath, the evidence of which we see today in the many ancient statues that had their noses broken off but otherwise were left untouched. This defacement was no accident, but a deliberate act by conquering groups to take the life, in this case the breath of life, away from these icons."

- Michael J. Stephen, MD, Breath Taking

3. Walking After a Meal: The Simplest Habit for Stable Blood Sugar

The most important takeaway is simple: Whenever possible, move your body after eating. Doing this helps mobilize post-meal glucose to fuel physical activity and curb the spike you might experience if you were inactive.

- Levels, Walking after a meal: the simplest habit for stable blood sugar

The folks at Levels put out some of the best blogs; they’re well-written and packed with practical information.

This one was so good it almost made me want to switch my post-meal breathing session for a walk. Who knows, maybe I’ll become The Walking Diabetic : )

Enjoy!

***

Related: Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Postprandial Oxidative Stress

4. A Little Bit of Tape goes a Long Way

I guess it goes to show that a little bit of tape can go a long way.

- 411 Reader

When you tape your mouth at night, you reap the benefits of nasal breathing for 7+ hours a night. This includes things like better oxygenation, optimal breathing volume, harnessing nitric oxide, and brainwave synchronization.

Ultimately, this leads to deeper and more restorative sleep.

And if you’re a diabetic, your improved sleep might lead to noticeably better insulin sensitivity, which happened for this reader.

I guess it goes to show that a little bit of tape can go a long way.” Perfectly said. 🙏

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

“The air, we might say, is the soul of the visible landscape, the secret realm from which all things draw their nourishment.”

- David Abram, The Spell of the Sensuous

P.S. Thanks to 411 reader Davis for sharing this book, and specifically the chapter on breathing, with me. So much goodness to explore. 🙏

 
 

 
 

1 Answer

Category: Brainwaves and Creativity

Answer: These brainwaves, which are between 8 and 12 Hz, are most associated with creative thinking.

(Cue the Jeopardy! music.)

Question: What are alpha brainwaves?


In good breath,

Nick Heath, T1D, PhD
“Breathing is the compound interest of health & wellness.”

P.S. Slipping the bouncer a $20

 
 
 

Sign Up For The Breathing 411

Each Monday, I curate and synthesize information from scientific journals, books, articles, and podcasts to share 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (like "Jeopardy!") related to breathing. It’s a fun way to learn something new each week.

 
 

On Excellent Scientific Statements and Being Reasonable with Breathing

 

Greetings,

Here are 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer related to breathing. Enjoy!

 
 

 
 

4 THOUGHTS

1. 18 Excellent Statements from Scientific Papers

"With breathing interventions being relatively rapid interventions to implement and also demonstrating a wide range of positive clinical outcomes, breathing interventions warrant closer consideration from healthcare professionals."

- Psychophysiology (2017)

Over the past few years, I have accumulated over 500 pages of notes on over 100 scientific articles on breathing. I’ve recently been going back through them as part of a project I’m working on.

In this post, I share 18 of the best "one-liners" I’ve come across. Enjoy!

2. Breathing, Autonomic Function, and Diabetes

One of the most significant benefits of slow breathing is its positive effects on autonomic function. This is typically measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)—higher HRV and BRS indicate better function.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, people with diabetes generally suffer from lower HRV (Benichou et al. 2018; Kudat et al. 2006) and BRS (Bernardi et al. 2017; Esposito et al. 2016). This is due to many factors, such as fluctuating blood sugars and resting tissue hypoxia, which cause autonomic imbalance (Bianchi et al. 2017).

Encouragingly, slow breathing at a rate of 4-6 breaths per minute is an effective way of increasing HRV (Steffen et al. 2021; Russell et al. 2017; Tavares et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2016; Lin et al. 2014; Van Diest et al. 2014; Vaschillo et al. 2006) and BRS (Rosengård-Bärlund et al. 2011; Bernardi et al. 2011; Joseph et al. 2005).

Slow breathing improves these markers by stimulating the vagus nerve, which activates the calming parasympathetic nervous system (Gerritsen and Band 2018). This helps people with diabetes restore autonomic balance.

It is simple and immediately useful, seeming too good to be true. But alas, science agrees: “Slow breathing could be a simple beneficial intervention in diabetes.

3. How Stuff Works: Why Breathing Through Your Nose Is Best

"But wait, there's more. Breathing through your nose also increases the amount of oxygen in your blood more than mouth breathing, which is essential to virtually every cell, organ and tissue in your body."

- How Stuff Works
Why Breathing Through Your Nose is Best

This excellent article succinctly summarizes the benefits of nose breathing. It’s short, sweet, and packed full of great information. Enjoy!

4. With Breathing, Be Reasonable Not Rational

"Do not aim to be coldly rational when making financial decisions. Aim to just be pretty reasonable. Reasonable is more realistic and you have a better chance of sticking with it for the long run, which is what matters most."

- Morgan Housel, The Psychology of Money

I find many parallels between health and wealth. Here is another. We often get too bogged down with doing everything rationally. "This study said 20 minutes of slow breathing is best" or "That one said three times a day is needed."

Rather than following scientific studies exactly, I believe it’s better to aim for being "pretty reasonable." Find the time of day that works best with your schedule. Find the method that works best for you. Two slow breaths are better than no slow breaths. Four minutes a day is still better than zero minutes a day.

With breathing, be reasonable, not rational.

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

But the nostrils, with their delicate and fibrous linings for purifying and warming the air in its passage, have been mysteriously constructed, and designed to stand guard over the lungs.

– George Caitlin (1864), The Breath of Life

 
 

 
 

1 ANSWER

Answer: The internal surface area of these organs can be a great a 100 sq. meters, about half the size of a tennis court.

(Cue the Jeopardy! music.)

Question: What are the lungs?


In good breath,
Nick

P.S. No I need these

 
 

The Breathing 411 - There Are No Quick Fixes, Except This One

 

Welcome to another version of The Breathing 4.1.1., where I curate the curators to bring you the best practical ideas I can find about breathing.

Below you’ll find 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (think "Jeopardy"). Enjoy!

 
 

 
 

4 THOUGHTS

1. There Are No Quick Fixes, Except This One

"You won’t find many quick fixes in this book, but there is one way to immediately boost willpower: Slow your breathing down to four to six breaths per minute [...] Slowing the breath down activates the prefrontal cortex and increases heart rate variability, which helps shift the brain and body from a state of stress to self-control mode. A few minutes of this technique will make you feel calm, in control, and capable of handling cravings or challenges."
-Kelly McGonigal, The Willpower Instinct

Beautifully said. Thank you, Kelly.

2. The #1 Breathing Fundamental

I’ve referred to it as the 1% rule (an idea I borrowed from James Clear and Dan Pink), but it is also the #1 fundamental: Breathe through your nose.

If you’re reading this, you’re probably aware of the importance of nose breathing. But, did you know that a 2018 study, which has been viewed over 93,000 times and cited 26 times, concluded that the benefits of breath control might be linked back to the nose?

"Taken together, these results confirm that nasal stimulation represents the fundamental link between slow breathing techniques, brain and autonomic activities and psychological/behavioral outputs." - Zaccaro et al. (2018)

That’s a powerful conclusion. So, to add on to what Kelly McGongical said above, breathe slowly and through your nose.

3. Breathing as Active Rest

"Active rest" has become a popular topic among athletes (and people who just enjoy exercising). It’s hard to take a day off when you love your workout, but it’s also necessary to give your body the rest it needs to recover. Enter: active rest.

There are several popular approaches. The sauna, an ice bath, or a long walk. But one of the most powerful is breathing…I’m not biased or anything : )

And the best part is that restful breathing doesn’t require any fancy equipment or money. It can be done anywhere, anytime.

In The Power of Rest, Dr. Matthew Edlund puts it this way:

“We want to learn to rest anywhere, anytime, in ways that restore us, calm us, relax us, and make us alert. That means we have to learn how to breathe.”

Agreed. See Kelly McGonigal’s advice above for the best way to "learn how to breathe."

4. Science Guides the Macro, Practice Guides the Micro

When studies show that something works, it doesn’t necessarily mean it’ll work for everyone.

We’re all different. We have different bodies, different environments, and different day-to-day stressors and stimuli that we’re exposed to. Although scientific studies try to be as general as possible, their results cannot be expected to work the same in everyone.

This gets to my thought: Science guides the macro, practice guides the micro.

For example, "get 8 hours of sleep" is a great macro statement. It sets a good target that will be beneficial for most people.

However, if you performed an in-depth sleep study on yourself, you might find that you need 7 h 37 min or 8 h 11 min to be fully rested. And that might vary from day-to-day, season-to-season.

The same goes for all of this "breathing" stuff. Guidance such as "breathe at 4-6 breaths per minute" is excellent general advice that will be beneficial for almost everyone. However, it is a macro statement. It will take personal practice to find what’s right for you.

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

"Breathing, like most forms of physical rest, improves as you practice. It takes a little time. But it’s a technique you’ll be able to do for the rest of your life, so it’s worthwhile getting good at it now."

- Matthew Edlund, The Power of Rest

 
 

 
 

1 ANSWER

Answer: This mammal, weighing in at only 2 g, has the smallest lungs.

(Cue the Jeopardy music.)

Question: What is the bumblebee bat?


If you enjoy my work, check out a guest blog post I recently did for BreathWrk:

Pilot Your Breathing: The Unexpected Goal of a Breathing Practice

In good breath,
Nick

P.S. The Ultimate COVID-19 Sport.

 
 

Unlock Your Breathing "Combination Lock"

Mister_Rogers_Education.png
 

For each scientific paper I read, I ask myself,

What practical takeaways can my readers and I apply in our lives today based on these results?

I usually get similar answers: (1) Breathe slowly, (2) breathe through your nose, or (3) hold your breath. (This is how I discovered the three breathing principles.)

Feeling Like Bill Murray in Groundhog’s Day

These common answers can be frustrating because I often feel like a broken record. Each paper I read is full of awesome, nerdy information. But, from a practical perspective, it’s all really simple stuff.  

For example, the paper I’m sharing this week reviews the latest science on nasal nitric oxide (including two new things I hadn’t read anywhere before). But, the take-home message is simple: Breathe through your nose.

Let’s look at this excellent paper, and then I’ll explain how Jim Rohn helped me work out my frustration.


Recent Advances on Nitric Oxide in the Upper Airways

(Click Here For Full Summary)

Journal: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 23, Issue 24, 2016

Since we’ve reviewed the beneficial effects of nasal nitric oxide several times, let’s focus on the two new things from this paper:

1. Nitric Oxide Plays a Role in Warming Incoming Air

A study showed that increased nasal NO release was associated with increased temperature in the nasal airways. There precise mechanism for this was unclear, but interesting nonetheless.

(If this interests you, please send me an email and I’ll share some of my speculation as to what is happening.)

2. Nasal NO Enhances Cilia Functioning

Cilia are tiny little hairs in your upper and lower airways. They move back and forth to push inhaled particles out of your airways and back out through your nose. They are your lungs' main line of defense against inhaled pathogens.

Nasal nitric oxide enhances the functioning of these cilia, and low levels of NO have been associated with weakened cilia movement. Here is yet another way that NO defends us against airborne pathogens.


Jim Rohn and His Combination Lock

Again, the take-home message from this paper is: breathe through your nose to harness the benefits of nasal nitric oxide. Which brings me to Jim Rohn’s wisdom:

Ideas can change your life. And sometimes all you need is just one more good idea in a series of good ideas. It’s like dialing the numbers of a combination lock. After you’ve dialed five or six numbers, the lock may not come open. But you probably don’t need five or six more numbers. Maybe you need just one more number, one more idea.

Although I feel like a broken record, this passage reminded me that broken records are necessary for learning.  

I hope the (repetitive) ideas shared here help you breathe through your nose more today.

In good breath,
Nick

P.S. Can’t wait for grandchildren.